πλούσιος ἐκ πένητος

πένης, ητος, ὁ, ([etym.] πένομαι)

A one who works for his living, day-labourer, poor man, opp. πλούσιος, Democr.283; opp. δυνάμενος, Archyt.3; πτωχοῦ μὲν γὰρ βίος.., ζῆν ἐστιν μηδὲν ἔχοντα· τοῦ δὲ πένητος ζῆν φει-

δόμενον καὶ τοῖς ἔργοις προσέχοντα Ar.Pl. 553

;

οἱ π. αὐτῶν Hdt.1.133

, 2.47 ;

πλούσιος ἐκ πένητος Lys.1.4

;

πένητες ἄνθρωποι Hdt.8.51

; [full] οἷ' ἀνὴρ π. S.Ph. 584;

π. ἵππος X. Oec. 11.5

.

II as Adj.,

π. δόμοι E. El. 1139

: c. neut., ἐν πένητι σώματι ib. 372 : c. gen., χρημάτων πένητες poor in money, ib.38 ;

π. φίλων Pl.Ep. 332c

;

π. ἀπολογίας Luc. Apol. 11

: [comp] Comp.

πενέστερος X.Ath.1.13

: [comp] Sup.

πενέστατος D.21.123

.

πένης, ητος (πένομαι ‘to work, toil’; Soph., Hdt. et al.; Jos., Ant. 14, 31) pert. to being obliged to work for a living, but not being reduced to begging, for the latter aspect πτωχός, q.v., is ordinarily used (s. Aristoph., Plut. 552f πτωχοῦ μὲν γὰρ βίος, ὸ̔ν σὺ λέγεις, ζῆν ἐστι μηδὲν ἔχοντα• τοῦ δὲ πένητος ζῆν φειδόμενον καὶ τοῖς ἔργοις προσέχοντα=for the life of a beggar that you describe means existence with nothing, but that of the poor means sparse living and sticking to the job), opp. πλούσιος poor, needy in our lit. only subst. ὁ π. the poor person (Pla., X. et al.; PRyl 62, 11; PRein 47, 11; LXX; pseudepigr.; Philo; Jos., Bell. 4, 379, Ant. 7, 149; Ar., Tat.) 2 Cor 9:9 (Ps 111:9); 1 Cl 15:6 (Ps 11:6. For the juxtaposition here and elsewhere in the LXX of πένης and πτωχός [s. also PsSol 5:11; TestJob 12:1; 32:2; TestAsh 2:6]; Ammonius Gr. [100 A.D.] p. 108 Valck.; PFlor 296, 18); GJs 20:1 codd. Opp. ὁ πλούσιος (X., An. 7, 7, 28; Pla., Prot. 319d; Plut., Pericl. 155 [7, 3]; PSI 120, 47; 2 Km 12:1; 1 Esdr 3:19; Pr 23:4; EpArist 249; TestAbr A; TestReub 4:7; Tat. 11, 1) Hs 2:5ff; B 20:2; D 5:2. W. χήρα, ὀρφανός Pol 6:1.—JHemelrijk, Πενία en Πλοῦτος, diss. Utrecht 1925; JJvanManen, Πενία en Πλοῦτος in de periode na Alexander, diss. Utrecht ’31.—B. 782. Schmidt, Syn. II 611–25. DELG s.v. πένομαι. M-M. TW.